Being a cornerstone of Industry 4.0, Asset Administration Tools and Templates Shell (AAS) enables seamless integration and interaction among the physical and digital worlds.There are multiple different tools and technologies available for implementing AAS.The purpose of this study is to support the tool and technology selection decision of AAS mode

Collaborative learning methods which emphasize peer interaction have been widely applied to increase the intensity and effectiveness of EFL reading programs.However, simply grouping students heterogeneously and assigning them group goals does not guarantee that effective collaborative learning will ensue.The present research includes two studies.In